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Archives September 2024

如何计算户外灯具的光污染？

随着城市化进程的加快，户外灯具的使用越来越普遍。然而，随之而来的光污染问题也日益严重。光污染不仅影响生态环境，还对人类健康造成负面影响。为了有效管理和减少光污染，了解如何计算户外灯具的光污染是至关重要的。什么是光污染？光污染是指由于人造光源的使用而造成的光环境的不良变化，主要包括以下几种类型：

  • 眩光：强烈的光源使人感到不适，影响视力和注意力。
  • 光溢出：灯光向周围区域溢出，影响周围的自然环境和夜空观赏。
  • 光干扰：人造光源对动物和植物的生理行为产生干扰，如影响动物的觅食、繁殖和迁徙。

为了控制光污染，各大国际标准如CIE 150:2017、EN 12464-2:2014、IES MLO 2011和TM15-07，提出了明确的控制要求和计算方法。国内也颁发了参照CIE标准的本地化标准GB/T 35626-2017：室外干扰光限制规范，主要参照CIE 150:2017。以上标准基本可以分为两大阵营，CIE/EN标准和IES标准。在CIE/EN的标准中，基本都是将户外环境分成了4-5个区域，并按分区提出了控制参数限值。

↑CIE标准中的分区和垂直照度限值↑CIE标准中的分区光强限值

↑CIE标准中的上射光通比要求

↑CIE标准中的亮度限值

↑EN标准中的控制参数限值，与CIE标准略有差异，主要是标准发布时间差问题导致的。

↑我国标准，基本参照CIE，差异部分为标准发布时间差导致

在刚刚发布的DIALux evo 13版本中，也加入了针对户外光污染的计算。

干扰光数值的计算
用户现在在 DIALux evo 13 版本中可以计算几个重要的干扰光参数，包括：

I （光强）

ks（眩光指数）

Ruf（上射光通量比）、Rul（上射光通比）

RULO（上射光输出比）、RDLO（下射光输出比）

这些新指标让设计师对其设计如何影响周围环境拥有更好的控制和可视性。

在新版本中可以查看这些计算结果并检查是否符合相关标准，我们在首步开发中考虑了以下标准：

CIE150:2017

EN 12464-2:2014

LAI:2012

ÖNORM O 1052:2022


RG 数值计算选项
我们为计算 RG 值（光幕照明的眩光等级）添加了两个选项：
1. 固定值，便于比较。
2. 可以放置在场景中的特殊光幕照明表面，用于模拟更复杂的环境。

此功能允许用户根据项目需求来定制 RG 计算。

而IES标准，则使用了完全不一样的参数指标。

在IES MLO 2011和TM15-07中，户外环境分区与CIE类似，但采用BUG评级。

LZ0：自然保护区
要求严格控制任何形式的向上光和溢散光，几乎不允许任何夜间照明，向上光的允许输出比（UR）应接近0%。

LZ1：乡村或低亮度区域
适用于生态保护区或居住区，要求较低的眩光和溢散光控制，向上光的输出不应超过1%，后光应严格限制在邻近区域内。

LZ2：郊区或中等亮度区域
适用于一般城市的住宅区，要求中等程度的光污染控制。向上光输出比应低于2%，溢散光应限制在邻近环境亮度的2-3倍以内。

LZ3：城市商业区
允许较高的照明水平，但仍要求限制向上光和溢散光。向上光输出比应不超过3%，GR值（眩光指数）应保持在合理范围内。

LZ4：高亮度城市中心或交通密集区
允许的光污染限制较为宽松，但仍要求遵循合理的眩光控制和溢散光管理。向上光不应超过5%，以避免对天空亮度的严重影响。

BUG评级

B（Backlight）：计算灯具在背光区（90-180度）方向上的光输出，避免灯光影响周围环境。

U（Uplight）：计算灯具向上光输出的比例，应严格控制UR值，通常要求UR ≤ 1%。

G（Glare）：计算眩光控制，通过GR或UGR值进行量化评估，确保眩光控制在可接受的限值内

对于不同的区域，通常会限制不同的BUG，例如。

在LEED标准，也采用类似的限值。

当然，IES标准里也会同CIE一样，限制照度亮度等参数。

对于IES标准中的这些参数的获取，BUG评级可以通过配光报告获取，也可以通过其他光度软件获取。

↑配光测试软件里选择道路灯具即可导出BUG

↑Photometrie Tollbox软件中的BUG参数其他的照度亮度眩光限值，则可以使用AGi32进行计算。
↑AGi32中对于光污染干扰光的计算，可以选择IES或CIE或LEED标准，比DIALux完善一些。
以上就是对于户外光污染的解读和计算

Application of non-yellowing glass lens in UFO floodlight
Application of non-yellowing glass lens in UFO floodlight

The application of non-yellowing glass lens in UFO floodlight is mainly reflected in its superior optical performance and durability.
Here are some specific application advantages and features:

  1. Excellent optical transmittance: non-yellowing glass lens can effectively transmit more light, providing higher brightness and clearer lighting effects. This is very important for UFO

floodlights because they are often used in occasions that require high-brightness lighting.

  1. Strong weather resistance: non-yellowing glass materials usually have good weather resistance and can resist the damage of ultraviolet rays, moisture and other environmental factors, thereby

ensuring that the lamps maintain good performance for a long time. This allows UFO floodlights to be used in outdoor environments without fading or aging.

  1. Color stability: Compared with other types of lenses, non-yellowing glass lenses will not change color after long-term use, can maintain the true color of the light source, and ensure the
UFO Floodlight Glass Lens - 240mm
UFO Floodlight Glass Lens - 240mm size
Application of non-yellowing glass lens in UFO floodlight

consistency of lighting effects.

  1. Excellent thermal stability: non-yellowing glass lenses can still maintain their structure and performance under high temperature conditions, and are suitable for high-power UFO floodlights.
  2. Impact resistance: This type of glass lens is usually more impact-resistant, can protect the internal components of the lamp in harsh environments, and increase the service life of the lamp.
  3. Aesthetics: The non-yellowing transparent effect can enhance the appearance of the UFO floodlight, making it more modern and technological, and meet the user’s dual needs for beauty and

function.

In summary, the non-yellowing glass lens can provide higher performance and reliability in the application of UFO floodlights, making it an ideal choice in lighting equipment design.

The glass lens connecting plate design breaks through the traditional PC connecting plate lens used in the module, bringing a new experience and effectively overcoming the undesirable problems of

PC lenses:

  1. Corrosion resistance: High borosilicate 3.3 glass belongs to borosilicate glass in borosilicate glass, which is acid and alkali resistant and has excellent corrosion resistance.
  2. Strong temperature resistance: Compared with PC lenses, it has a lower thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal stability, small changes in optical surface temperature, and retains the

original optical lighting effect.

  1. High light transmittance: The light transmittance of conventional PC lenses is about 85%, resulting in a waste of light. The light transmittance of glass lenses is 92-94.8%, and can be as high

as 97% after being coated with an anti-reflection film.

  1. Compared with PC lenses, glass lenses will not age/yellowing, which will affect the light transmittance of the lens.
  2. Compared with PC lenses, glass lenses will not absorb dust and are easy to clean.

Advantages of glass lens UFO floodlights

  1. Fast heat dissipation, more durable products
  2. Excellent light distribution, better lighting effect
  3. Less light decay, longer service life
  4. Beautiful appearance, unique product design
  5. Good components, better quality
  6. Better quality, life of more than 10 years
What is the difference between quartz glass and high borosilicate glass

Quartz glass is a special industrial technical glass with a single component of silicon dioxide. This kind of glass has a hardness of up to Mohs level 7, has high temperature resistance, low expansion coefficient, thermal shock resistance, chemical stability and good electrical insulation performance, and can transmit ultraviolet and infrared rays. Except for hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, it has good acid resistance to general acids. According to transparency, it is divided into two categories: transparent and opaque. According to purity, it is divided into three categories: high purity, ordinary and doped.

High borosilicate glass is made by heating the glass to melt it under high temperature conditions. It is processed by production technology. Because the linear thermal expansion coefficient is (3.3±0.1)*10-6/K, it is also called “borosilicate glass 3.3”. It is a special glass material with low expansion rate, high temperature resistance, high strength, high hardness, high light transmittance and high chemical stability. Due to its excellent performance, it is widely used in solar energy, chemical industry, pharmaceutical packaging, electric light source, craft accessories and other industries.

The main differences between quartz glass and high borosilicate glass are as follows:

Ingredients

  • Quartz glass: The main component is silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and the purity is generally above 99%.
  • High borosilicate glass: The main components include silicon dioxide, boron trioxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, etc., among which the content of boron trioxide is relatively high, generally above 12%.

Performance characteristics

  • Hardness: Quartz glass has high hardness, with a Mohs hardness of up to 7, second only to diamond, corundum and other materials. High borosilicate glass has a relatively low hardness, with a Mohs hardness of about 5.5.
  • Heat resistance: Quartz glass has extremely high heat resistance and can be used for a long time at a high temperature of about 1100℃ without softening or deforming, and can withstand higher temperatures in a short period of time. High borosilicate glass also has good heat resistance and can withstand a temperature difference of about 300℃. It can be used at relatively high temperatures, but not as good as quartz glass.
  • Corrosion resistance: Quartz glass has extremely strong corrosion resistance. It hardly reacts with other acids except hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, and it also has strong corrosion resistance to alkali substances. High borosilicate glass also has a certain tolerance to acids, alkalis and other chemicals, but not as good as quartz glass.
玻璃透镜怎么生产岀来

Appearance

  • Transparency: Quartz glass has extremely high transparency, and has high transmittance to ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light. High borosilicate glass also has good transparency, but slightly lower than quartz glass.
  • Color: Quartz glass is usually colorless and transparent, but some metal oxides and other substances can be added during the manufacturing process to make it present different colors. High borosilicate glass is generally colorless or slightly green.

Manufacturing process

  • Quartz glass: The manufacturing process is relatively complicated, mainly including electric melting method, gas refining method, etc. Due to the high melting point of quartz glass, the manufacturing process requires high temperature and special equipment.
  • High borosilicate glass: The manufacturing process is relatively simple, usually using traditional glass manufacturing methods such as float method, crucible method, etc.