{"id":3124,"date":"2023-10-08T14:02:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T06:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/garteng.com\/?p=3124"},"modified":"2023-10-08T14:02:59","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T06:02:59","slug":"%e5%8f%98%e7%84%a6%e9%80%8f%e9%95%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/garteng.com\/?p=3124","title":{"rendered":"\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6db2\u6676\u5177\u6709\u5149\u7535\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u5f15\u53d1\u6db2\u6676\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u7a7a\u95f4\u6307\u5411\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15 \u8d77\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5165\u5c04\u504f\u632f\u7684\u76f8\u79fb\u6216\u76f8\u4f4d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5149\u5b66\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u7126\u8ddd\u3002\u6db2\u6676\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c\u76f8 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class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u73b0\u4eca\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u79cd\u7c7b\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6309\u7167\u6db2\u6676\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u9700\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u70ed\u81f4\u6db2\u6676(Thermotropic LC)\u548c\u6eb6\u81f4\u6db2\u6676(Lyotropic LC)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u70ed\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u70ed\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u6eb6\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u5219\u662f\u4e0e\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4e\u5206\u5b50\u70ed\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e14\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u5730\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u7ec6\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u3001\u8fd1\u6676\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u548c\u80c6\u753e\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002\u201c\u76f8\u201d\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u6db2\u76f8\u3002\u4ece\u6db2\u6676\u540d\u5b57\u7531\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u50cf\u6db2\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6709\u5e8f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u65b9\u9762\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u663e\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u70ed\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u5c42\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676(\u5c42\u72b6\u76f8)\u3001\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676(\u4e1d\u72b6\u76f8)\u3001\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676(\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u76f8)\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1.1&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676(N\u76f8\u6db2\u6676)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\uff0c\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5176\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u53c8\u53eb\u4f5c\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6392\u5217\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u968f\u610f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6392\u5217\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u6761\u6761\u4e1d\u72b6\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u6db2\u6676\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_1_20220622070928816.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=riQmB3iLwCP8AtXlU75yNzp50GA%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe1\uff1a\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1.2&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u8fd1\u6676\u76f8\u6db2\u6676<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u8fd1\u6676\u76f8\u6db2\u6676(S\u76f8\u6db2\u6676)\u4e5f\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u53c8\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f88\u201c\u9ed8\u5951\u201d\u5730\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u6db2\u6676\u53c8\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u8fd8\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4f9d\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u4eca\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u53ef\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u5df2\u77e5\u7684&nbsp;11&nbsp;\u79cd\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a&nbsp;SA\u3001SB\u3001&#8230; &#8230;SK\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5c42\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u9519\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_2_20220622070928847.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=jo3arWQ3OLmTsF%2FQK2ZXY2ZDIIw%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe2\uff1a\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1.3&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u80c6\u753e\u76f8\u6db2\u6676<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u80c6\u753e(z\u0101i)\u76f8\u6db2\u6676(Ch\u76f8\u6db2\u6676)\u7684\u522b\u79f0\u53c8\u53eb\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u3002\u80c6\u753e\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u53c8\u53eb\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u6570\u80c6\u753e\u9187\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u3002\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u9664\u4e86\u540d\u5b57\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6(\u5206\u5b50\u53d6\u5411\u6cbf\u67d0\u6761\u8f74\u87ba\u65cb\u5f0f\u53d8\u6362)\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u5de6\u53f3\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u65cb\u5149\u6027\u7684\u624b\u5f81\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u7279\u6b8a\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\uff0c\u6545\u8be5\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u522b\u79f0\uff0c\u88ab\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u626d\u66f2\u4e1d\u72b6\u6db2\u6676\u201d\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_3_20220622070928878.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=R25ao2q2Zq5SD7HiKOQCvxN1Ss8%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe3\uff1a\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u6db2\u66761968&nbsp;\u5e74\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u624d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u70b9\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e4b\u524d\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8ba9\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u98de\u901f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6db2\u6676\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u9010\u6b65\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u663e\u793a\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\u624e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5149\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u5730\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7279\u6027\u6700\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6392\u5e03\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6392\u5217\u4e0a\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u3001\u78c1\u573a\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\u677e\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f18\u826f\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.1&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u6307\u5411\u77e2<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4ece\u5e73\u9762\u56fe\u4e0a\u770b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u5f62\u7684\u68d2\u72b6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u628a\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u4ee5\u521a\u6027\u957f\u68d2\u793a\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u8c28\u4e00\u70b9\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u521a\u6027\u692d\u7403\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b(\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0b)\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u8f74\u53d6\u5411\u57fa\u672c\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e73\u884c\u6392\u5217\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6392\u5e03\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6db2\u6676\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u77e2\u91cf\u573a<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u53bb\u8868\u5f81\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u77e2\u91cf\u573a<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0e<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u76f8\u5207\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u56fe\u6848\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5c06<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u8f74\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u9650\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u8f74\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u53d6<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a&nbsp;1\u3002<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u91cf\u7eb2\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5355\u4f4d\u77e2\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6392\u5e03\u7684\u4ece\u4f18\u53d6\u5411\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u79f0<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.2&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u53d6\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6db2\u6676&nbsp;\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u65e0\u9650\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4ece\u4f18\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ece\u4f18\u53d6\u5411\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u6d53\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6750\u6599\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u91cf\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u754c\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5e73\u5747\u91cf\u53bb\u8868\u5f81\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u6db2\u6676\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e73\u5747\u91cf\u79f0\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f5cS\u3002S=1\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u57fa\u672c\u5904\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u79f0\u4f5c\u6db2\u6676\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\uff1bS=0\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u53d6\u5411\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4ece\u4f18\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u79f0\u4f5c\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.3&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5f62\u53d8\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u754c\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5916\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7535\u573a\u3001\u78c1\u573a\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u5f62\u53d8\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6307\u5411\u77e2<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u4f1a\u968f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e<ruby>r<rt>\u2192<\/rt><\/ruby>\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2<ruby>n<rt>^<\/rt><\/ruby>\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u77e2\u91cf<ruby>r<rt>\u2192<\/rt><\/ruby>\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u4e3a\u5e38\u6570\u65f6\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6db2\u6676\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f62\u53d8\u3002\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f62\u53d8\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5c55\u66f2(splay)\u3001\u626d\u66f2(twist)\u548c\u5f2f\u66f2(bend)\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_4_20220622070928956.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=lydjKuZ1WOEBiY%2F%2F88VZpp7r6a8%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe4\uff1a\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5f62\u53d8\u800c\u5f53\u65bd\u52a0\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a&nbsp;E&nbsp;\u7ed9\u6db2\u6676\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u5411\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.4&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5404\u9879\u5f02\u6027<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4ecb\u7535\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u0394\u03b5\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u5730\u805a\u96c6\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5f53\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5185\u5728\u7684\u0394\u03b5\u4f1a\u88ab\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u0394\u03b5\u7684\u503c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u6392\u5217\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u65f6\uff0c\u0394\u03b5\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u800c\u4ecb\u7535\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u662f\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u65f6\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4ecb\u7535\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u6027\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5316\u5408\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 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class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.5&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4ece\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u6240\u5177\u6709\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u7535\u63a7\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u65cb\u5149\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6db2\u6676\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6db2\u6676\u7535\u63a7\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7535\u63a7\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6709\u76ca\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u5149\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.5.1&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u7535\u63a7\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6548\u5e94<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u662f\u5404\u9879\u5f02\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u5f53\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u5404\u9879\u5f02\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7535\u63a7\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u675f\u504f\u632f\u5149\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u6db2\u6676\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u6ee1\u8db3&nbsp;Snell&nbsp;\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5149\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0&nbsp;o&nbsp;\u5149\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3&nbsp;Snell&nbsp;\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5149\u79f0\u4e3a\u975e\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0&nbsp;e&nbsp;\u5149\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3002\u4ee5\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u754c\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u900f\u955c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u975e\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5c04n<sub>e<\/sub>\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u5230\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387n<sub>o<\/sub>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6539\u53d8\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u538b\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u6db2\u6676\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c\u7684\u7126\u8ddd\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u900f\u955c\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u5177\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u675f\u5149\u7ebf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u6db2\u6676\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u675f\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\uff1ao\u5149\u548c&nbsp;e\u5149\u3002o\u5149\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u671d\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800ce\u5149\u521a\u597d\u548co\u5149\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0eo\u5149\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u671d\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed9\u6db2\u6676\u65bd\u52a0\u5916\u90e8\u7535\u573a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u6709\u6cbf\u7535\u573a\u65b9\u5411\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6545\u968f\u7740\u7535\u538b\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6307\u5411\u77e2\u504f\u8f6c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u68af\u5ea6\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5f53\u504f\u632f\u5149\u5c04\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u504f\u632f\u5149\u5f62\u6210\u6c47\u805a\u6216\u53d1\u6563\u7684\u53d8\u7126\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u5177\u6709\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u603b\u7ed3\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u901a\u8fc7\u900f\u955c\u7684\u504f\u632f\u5149\u7ebf\u4ea7\u751f\u6298\u5c04\u8fbe\u5230\u53d8\u7126\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\uff0c\u53d8\u7126\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u538b\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53bb\u8c03\u8282\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u957f\u68d2\u72b6\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u6b63\u5355\u5149\u8f74\u5149\u7535\u5c5e\u6027\u4f18\u826f\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u968f\u7535\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.5.2&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u65cb\u5149\u6548\u5e94<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u65cb\u5149\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u5149\u901a\u8fc7\u542b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b64\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u504f\u632f\u5149\u5e73\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u6db2\u6676\u5177\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u65cb\u5149\u6548\u5e94\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5f53\u5e73\u9762\u504f\u632f\u5149\u6cbf\u7740\u6676\u4f53\u5149\u8f74\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u632f\u52a8\u9762\u53d1\u751f\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u900f\u955c\u88c5\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u7a7a\u8154\u91cc\u6ce8\u5165\u5411\u5217\u76f8\u6db2\u6676\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e24\u5757\u73bb\u7483\u7247\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u4e92\u5782\u76f4&nbsp;90\u00b0\u653e\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u900f\u955c\u7a7a\u8154\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u626d\u66f2\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u76d2\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u76d2\u524d\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u8d77\u504f\u7247\u548c\u68c0\u504f\u7247\u4f7f\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u5e73\u884c\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u6db2\u6676\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5f53\u5149\u7ebf\u5165\u5c04\u65f6\uff0c\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u504f\u632f\u5149\u8f74\u4e5f\u4f1a\u626d\u66f2\u65cb\u8f6c&nbsp;90\u00b0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u504f\u632f\u5149\u8f74\u76f8\u4e92\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u504f\u7247\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u76d2\u65f6\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5916\u89c6\u573a\u5448\u73b0\u6697\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u7535\u538b\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7535\u538b\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u89c6\u573a\u5c06\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4eae\u6001\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u9ed1\u5e95\u767d\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6539\u53d8\u8d77\u504f\u7247\u548c\u68c0\u504f\u7247\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u5782\u76f4\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u767d\u5e95\u9ed1\u50cf\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2.5.3&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u63a7\u53d8\u7126\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u538b\u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u76d2\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53d8\u73b0\u4e3a\u5728\u539f\u672c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u4e0a\u9762\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u95f4\u9694\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u6761\u7eb9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7535\u538b\u7684\u589e\u5927\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5149\u6563\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6db2\u6676\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u6d51\u6d4a\uff0c\u5c06\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u538b\u53bb\u6389\u6db2\u6676\u76d2\u5185\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u6027\u548c\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u3002\u6db2\u6676\u76d2\u5185\u6db2\u6676\u56e0\u7535\u538b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6db2\u6676\u53d8\u7126\u900f\u955c\u7684\u53d8\u7126\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6563\u5c04\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u4e14\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>3.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u8fb9\u7f18\u7535\u573a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5229\u7528\u8fb9\u7f18\u7535\u573a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\uff14\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5(a)\u6240\u793a\uff1a(1)\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u73bb\u7483\u886c\u5e95\uff0c\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff1b(2)\u4e0a\u4e0b\u73bb\u7483\u886c\u5e95\u5185\u4fa7\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u5e26\u6c27\u5316\u94df\u9521\uff08Indium tin oxide\uff0cITO\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u523b\u8680\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u6848\uff1b(3)ITO\u8868\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u7740\u4e00\u5c42\u805a\u9170\u4e9a\u80fa\uff08Polyimide\uff0cPI\uff09\u53d6\u5411\u5c42\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u5411\uff1b(4)\u6db2\u6676\u5c42\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u6027\u6db2\u6676\u4e0e\u8d1f\u6027\u6db2\u6676\uff0c\u6b63\u6027\u6db2\u6676\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u4e8e\u5782\u76f4\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u9a71\u52a8\u7535\u538b\u5927\u4e8e\u9608\u503c\u7535\u538bU<sub>th<\/sub>\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u7535\u573a\u5f3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_5_2022062207092935.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=cZ4cfrCQNlXOf7zMF6JWBS%2FLXuw%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe5\uff1a\u8fb9\u7f18\u7535\u573a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4ee5\u6b63\u6027\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f53\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5149\u7ebf\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u73bb\u7483\u886c\u5e95\u5165\u5c04\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u5c42\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u51fa\u5c04\u5149\u7ebf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6298\u5c04\uff1b\u5f53\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u5904\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe5(b)&nbsp;\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u504f\u8f6c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u900f\u955c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5230\u900f\u955c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u53d1\u751f\u6298\u5c04\u3002\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u8f74\u621090\u00b0\u5939\u89d2\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e3an<sub>o<\/sub>\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff1b\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u8f74\u62100\u00b0\u5939\u89d2\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u4e3an<sub>e<\/sub>\uff0c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bfb\u5e38\u5149\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5165\u5c04\u5e73\u9762\u6ce2\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u6db2\u6676\u8d77\u59cb\u53d6\u5411\u65b9\u5411\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u6cbf\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u7684\u76f8\u79fb\u91cf\u7531\u900f\u955c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u56fe5(b)\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6ce2\u524d\u3002\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u6ce2\u524d\u9762\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4f1a\u805a\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u900f\u955c\u4e2d\u6db2\u6676\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u503e\u89d2\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u7126\u8ddd\u3002\u76f8\u4f4d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5206\u5e03\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_6_2022062207092997.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=9niIl1xq3Ss9A7aWVJMGbpX6bTA%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u7126\u8ddd\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_7_20220622070929128.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=5x4spa5GWV18TN0K8SR1tKGENug%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u03c6\u4e3a\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5149\u7126\u5ea6\uff0c\uff52\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5b54\u534a\u5f84\uff0c\uff44\u4e3a\u6db2\u6676\u5c42\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\uff0cn<sub>c<\/sub>\u548cn<sub>b<\/sub>\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u900f\u955c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>4.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u79bb\u6563\u7535\u6781\u578b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7535\u573a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u53e0\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u6765\u6574\u4f53\u8c03\u8282\u5176\u7535\u573a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u7535\u573a\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7535\u573a\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u79bb\u6563\u7535\u6781\u5e03\u5c40\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_8_20220622070929222.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=B9%2F6NImPEwFko6Ji24VIyMXeCgc%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe6\uff1a\u79bb\u6563\u7535\u6781\u578b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u7535\u6781\u95f4\u9699\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7535\u573a\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u79bb\u6563\u7535\u6781\u5c42\u4e0e\u4e0aPI\u5c42 \u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u4e3aSU-8\u7684\u8584\u4ecb\u7535\u5c42\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>5.&nbsp;\u9ad8\u963b\u5c42\u7535\u6781\u578b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c<\/li><\/ol><p>\u9ad8\u963b\u5c42\u578b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u900f\u955c\u5185\u7535\u573a\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u95ee \u9898\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u5b54\u5f84\u4e0e\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgi101i120.360doc.com\/DownloadImg\/2022\/06\/2207\/247304237_9_20220622070929269.png?Expires=1696746668&amp;Signature=aynP%2BGkCxe3vPTBC4T5BJ1MymJQ%3D&amp;domain=109\" alt=\"\u56fe\u7247\"\/><\/figure><p>\u56fe7\uff1a\u9ad8\u963b\u5c42\u7535\u6781\u578b\u6db2\u6676\u900f\u955c\u7535\u963b\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u6781 \uff32 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