1.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c (Fresnel lens) \uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u87ba\u7eb9\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u6c40\u2022\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\uff08Augustin\u2022Fresnel)\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281822\u5e74\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u73bb\u7483\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7cfb\u7edf–\u706f\u5854\u900f\u955c\u3002\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u591a\u662f\u7531\u805a\u70ef\u70c3\u6750\u6599\u6ce8\u538b\u800c\u6210\u7684\u8584\u7247\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u73bb\u7483\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u955c\u7247\u8868\u9762\u4e00\u9762\u4e3a\u5149\u9762\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u523b\u5f55\u4e86\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7eb9\u7406\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5149\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u53ca\u6270\u5c04\u548c\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u89d2\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u955c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u900f\u955c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8868\u9762\u5149\u6d01\uff0c\u7eb9\u7406\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5176\u539a\u5ea6\u968f\u7528\u9014\u800c\u53d8\uff0c\u591a\u57281mm\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7279\u6027\u4e3a\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u539a\u5ea6\u8584\u53ca\u4fa6\u6d4b\u8ddd\u79bb\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u805a\u7126\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5c06\u63a2\u6d4b\u533a\u57df\u5185\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u660e\u533a\u548c\u6697\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fdb\u5165\u63a2\u6d4b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u80fd\u4ee5\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728PIR\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u70ed\u91ca\u7ea2\u5916\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ea2\u5916\u7ebf\u53ca\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u7684\u51f8\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u7684\u51f8\u900f\u955c\u4f4e\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u5e7b\u706f\u673a\u3001\u8584\u819c\u653e\u5927\u955c\u3001\u7ea2\u5916\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30002.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u622a\u9762\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\u4ece\u800c\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u8f7b\u66f4\u8584\u7684\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u5e03\u5c01\u4f2f\u7235\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u591a\u585e(1743-1794)\u63d0\u8bae\u7528\u5355\u7247\u8584\u73bb\u7483\u6765\u7814\u78e8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u900f\u955c\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u4ea6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u5728\u706f\u5854\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c1823\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u4e86\u5409\u4f26\u7279\u6cb3\u53e3\u7684\u54e5\u675c\u6602\u706f\u5854\uff08Phare de Cordouan\uff09\u4e0a\uff1b\u900f\u8fc7\u5b83\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u572820\u82f1\u91cc\uff0832\u5343\u7c73\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u770b\u5230\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5e03\u5112\u65af\u7279\u7235\u58eb\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u706f\u5854\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30003.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u900f\u955c\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u80fd\u91cf\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u8868\u9762\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u900f\u955c\u8868\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u62ff\u6389\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u8868\u9762\u7684\u5f2f\u66f2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5256\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u952f\u9f7f\u578b\u51f9\u69fd\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u692d\u5706\u578b\u5f27\u7ebf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51f9\u69fd\u90fd\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u51f9\u69fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5c06\u5149\u7ebf\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u955c\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51f9\u69fd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c0f\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u628a\u5149\u7ebf\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u5e73\u884c\u5149\u6216\u805a\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u6d88\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u7403\u5f62\u50cf\u5dee\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u5e73\u5766\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u51f8\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u662f\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u706f\u5854\u7684\u63a2\u7167\u706f\u4e0a\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u5c04\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5149\u675f\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u9762\u53c8\u8584\u53c8\u8f7b\u7684\u900f\u955c\u65f6\uff0c\u5851\u6599\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u4e0a\u4e86\u7528\u573a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6210\u50cf\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u5982\u73bb\u7483\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u6ce2\u5e26\u7247\uff0c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u6ce2\u5e26\u7247\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u6c47\u805a\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5149\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d6\u4e00\u9762\u5851\u6599\u653e\u5927\u955c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u6210\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u540c\u5fc3\u5706\u73af\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u6811\u7684\u5e74\u8f6e\uff09\u8584\u7247\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5706\u73af\u90fd\u6bd4\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u5706\u73af\u7a0d\u5fae\u5c0f\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5149\u4f1a\u805a\u5230\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u73af\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e00\u8fb9\u5e73\u5766\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u5176\u4f59\u5706\u73af\u7b49\u539a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5706\u73af\u5411\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f1a\u805a\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5706\u73af\u7684\u659c\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5c06\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5706\u73af\u5806\u53e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u9762\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u900f\u955c\u505a\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5927\u3002\u5927\u578b\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u805a\u5149\u5668\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30004.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>
\u3000\u30004.1\u4ece\u5149\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6765\u5212\u5206\uff1a<\/p>
\u3000\u3000a)\u6b63\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\uff1a<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5149\u7ebf\u4ece\u4e00\u4fa7\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u51fa\u6765\u805a\u7126\u6210\u4e00\u70b9\u6216\u4ee5\u5e73\u884c\u5149\u5c04\u51fa\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u5728\u5149\u7ebf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5171\u8f6d\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u7c7b\u900f\u955c\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u51c6\u76f4\u955c\uff08\u5982\u6295\u5f71\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u653e\u5927\u955c\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u805a\u5149\u955c\uff08\u5982\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7528\u805a\u5149\u805a\u70ed\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000b)\u8d1f\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c \uff1a<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u548c\u6b63\u7126\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u548c\u5149\u7ebf\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5176\u8868\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6d82\u5c42\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5c04\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30004.2\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\uff1a<\/p>
\u3000\u30001)\u5706\u5f62\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u30002)\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u9635\u5217<\/p>
\u3000\u30003)\u67f1\u72b6\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u30004)\u7ebf\u6027\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u30005)\u884d\u5c04\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u30006)\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u53cd\u5c04\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u30007)\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u5149\u675f\u5206\u79bb\u5668\u548c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u68f1\u955c\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30005.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\u6709\u7b49\u8ddd\u7684\u9f7f\u7eb9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9f7f\u7eb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u5149\u8c31\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5149\u5e26\u901a(\u53cd\u5c04\u6216\u8005\u6298\u5c04)\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6253\u78e8\u5149\u5b66\u5668\u6750\u7684\u5e26\u901a\u5149\u5b66\u6ee4\u955c\u9020\u4ef7\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>
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\u3000\u30006.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u662f\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u900f\u955c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u900a\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u900f\u955c\u7684\u826f\u597d\u805a\u5149\u6027\u548c\u6210\u50cf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6c11\u7528\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>
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\u3000\u3000\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.1\u6295\u5f71\u663e\u793a<\/p>
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\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6295\u5f71\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u7126\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u5149\u7ebf\u51c6\u76f4\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u589e\u4f53\u663e\u793a\u4eae\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u51c6\u76f4\u955c\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u5728\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9762\u677f\u65f6\u4f1a\u5927\u91cf\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u7684\u70ed\u6591\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u663e\u793a\u5c4f\u5e55\u56db\u5468\u4eae\u5ea6\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728LCD\u5c4f\u5e55\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5149\u7ebf\u4ece\u9762\u677f\u4e0a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u6295\u5f71\u900f\u955c\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u5c4f\u5e55\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u770b\u5149\u7ebf\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.2\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5149\u7ebf\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u533a\u57df\u9762\u79ef\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u76f8\u5f53\u5c0f\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u505a\u96c6\u5149\u5668\u6216\u805a\u5149\u5668\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u592a\u9633\u805a\u5149\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u662f\u805a\u5149\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CPV)\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u592a\u9633\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u805a\u5149\u955c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u955c\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u521a\u597d\u843d\u5728\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u900f\u955c\u9762\u5782\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5411\u592a\u9633\u65f6\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u805a\u7126\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u7247\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u8282\u7ea6\u4e86\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u5149\u805a\u7126\u5230\u5165\u5149\u97621\/10\u81f31\/1000\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u9762\uff08\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u7247\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5e73\u677f\u5149\u4f0f\uff08FPV)\u53d1\u7535\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad830\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u805a\u5149\u53d1\u7535\uff08CPV)\u548c\u805a\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08TPV)\u4e2d\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\u6e29\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5178\u578b\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u9f7f\u578b\u671d\u5411\u7535\u6c60\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u51c6\u76f4\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9f7f\u578b\u671d\u5411\u957f\u5171\u8f6d\u65b9\u5411\u521a\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u9f7f\u578b\u671d\u5185\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u5904\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u5bf9\u5e72\u6270\u89d2\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u7ed3\u6784\u9762\u91cc\u5806\u79ef\u7070\u5c18\u548c\u6c99\u783e\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u901a\u5e38\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u975e\u6210\u50cf\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a7f\u8fc7\u900f\u955c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u533a\u57df\u7126\u8ddd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u5230\u7535\u6c60\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7535\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u964d\u4f4e\u56fe\u8c61\u7403\u9762\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.3\u79d1\u7814\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u79d1\u7814\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u900f\u955c\u4e0e\u6c34\u5e73\u9762\u621045\u00b15?\u5939\u89d2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u9053\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u5e73\u884c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u805a\u7126\u5728\u76f4\u5f842mm\u5149\u6591\u4e0a\uff1b\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u666f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u62df\u4e0e\u4eff\u771f\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.4\u822a\u6d77\u7167\u660e<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u578b\u822a\u6807\u706f\u4e13\u7528\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u914d\u5408\u6d77\u4e0a\u706f\u5854\u5149\u6e90\u800c\u7279\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1b\u5176\u7126\u8ddd\u77ed\uff0c\u900f\u5149\u7387\u9ad8\uff1b\u5149\u7ebf\u53d1\u6563\u89d2\u5c0f\u3002 \u5728\u6c14\u8c61\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea610\u6d77\u91cc\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u706f\u5149\u5c04\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fbe30\u6d77\u91cc\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.5\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u653e\u5927\u955c<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u653e\u5927\u955c\u662f\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u5927\u955c\u662f\u6b63\u7126\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u865a\u62df\u6b63\u7acb\u56fe\u8c61\u3002\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u653e\u5927\u955c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u8584\u7684\u653e\u5927\u955c\u3002\u7528\u900f\u660e\u6709\u673a\u73bb\u7483\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff09\u5236\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7528PVC\u5236\u6210\u7684\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u653e\u5927\u955c\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u539a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u57280.45mm~0.90mm\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u653e\u5927\u955c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5e03\u6ee1\u4e86\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6761\u7eb9\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u65cb\u6da1\u72b6\u6761\u7eb9\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u51f8\u900f\u955c\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u5706\u73af\u72b6\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u5f2f\u66f2\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u884d\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u653e\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u900f\u955c\u4eae\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e14\u8868\u9762\u5e73\u6574\uff0c\u8f90\u5c04\u9762\u79ef\u4e5f\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u666e\u901a\u51f9\u51f8\u900f\u955c\u5b83\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u5728\u653e\u5927\u955c\u8fd9\u5757\u9886\u57df\u4e0a\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u666e\u901a\u900f\u955c\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u653e\u5927\u955c\u539a\u5ea6\u53ea\u67090.45mm\uff0c\u4fbf\u643a\u5e26\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u51cf\u8f7b\u4f20\u7edf\u653e\u5927\u955c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6709\u673a\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u73bb\u7483\u653e\u5927\u955c\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30006.6\u7167\u660e\u5149\u5b66–\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u51c6\u76f4\u5668<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u662f\u7403\u578b\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u72b6\u5207\u5272\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u50cf\u65f6\u56fe\u8c61\u5149\u5b66\u8c61\u5dee\u3002\u900f\u955c\u80fd\u591f\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u5c06\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u70b9\u5149\u6e90\u6821\u51c6\u6210\u5e73\u884c\u5149\u6e90\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5149\u6e90\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u70b9\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56fa\u4f53\u6001\u53d1\u5149\u5668\u5982LED\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u900f\u955c\u548cLED\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u9002\u5f53\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u6210\u70b9\u5149\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u80fd\u591f\u6821\u51c6LED\u8f93\u51fa\u5149\u7ebf\u4e3a\u5e73\u884c\u5149\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u767d\u70bd\u5149\u6e90\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u8f90\u5c04\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5851\u6599\u5149\u5b66\u6750\u6599\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u5149\u6e90\u5904\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8eLED\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u70ed\u662f\u53ef\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5e94\u7528\u5851\u6599\u5149\u5b66\u900f\u955c\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5c06LED\u53d1\u5149\u4f53\u7684\u675f\u5149\u6e90\u6821\u51c6\u4e3a\u66f4\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5c04\u955c\u4e0e\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5149\u5b66\u90e8\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002<\/p>
\u3000\u30007.\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u5916\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u4eba\u7814\u5236\u5927\u578b\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u805a\u5149\u96c6\u70ed\u5668\u3002\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u662f\u5e73\u9762\u5316\u7684\u805a\u5149\u955c\uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u805a\u7126\u548c\u7ebf\u805a\u7126\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u6709\u673a\u73bb\u7483\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u900f\u660e\u5851\u6599\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u73bb\u7483\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u805a\u5149\u592a\u9633\u7535\u6c60\u53d1\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>
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\u3000\u30008.\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>
\u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u900f\u955c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9762\u79ef\u5927\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u8f7b\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u3001\u8f7b\u4fbf\u6613\u643a\u5e26\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5149\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b,\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0cCNC\u673a\u68b0\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u8f66\u524a\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u9540\u954d\u5de5\u827a\uff1b\u6a21\u538b\u3001\u6ce8\u5851\u3001\u6d47\u94f8\u7b49\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u3001\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5bc6\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1.\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c \u3000\u3000\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c (Fresnel lens) 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\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u622a\u9762\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\u4ece\u800c\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u8f7b\u66f4\u8584\u7684\u900f\u955c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u5e03\u5c01\u4f2f\u7235\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u591a\u585e(1743-1794)\u63d0\u8bae\u7528\u5355\u7247\u8584\u73bb\u7483\u6765\u7814\u78e8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u900f\u955c\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u4ea6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u900f\u955c\u5728\u706f\u5854\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c1823\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u83f2\u6d85\u5c14\u900f\u955c\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u4e86\u5409\u4f26\u7279\u6cb3\u53e3\u7684\u54e5\u675c\u6602\u706f\u5854\uff08Phare de 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